This article is about the Republic of India. For other uses, see India (disambiguation).

Republic of IndiaBhārat Gaṇarājya
(see other local names)

Flag

State emblem

Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana"[2][3]
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"[4][2]

1:04National song
"Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit)
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"[a][1][2]Territory controlled by India shown in dark green; territory claimed but not controlled shown in light greenCapitalNew Delhi
28°36′50″N 77°12′30″ELargest city

• Mumbai (city proper)
• Delhi (metropolitan area)

Official languages

• Hindi
• English[b][8]

Recognised national languagesNone[9][10][11]Recognised regional languagesState level and Eighth Schedule[12]

Native languages447 languages[c]Religion (2011)

• 79.8% Hinduism
• 14.2% Islam
• 2.3% Christianity
• 1.7% Sikhism
• 0.7% Buddhism
• 0.4% Jainism
• 0.23% Unaffiliated
• 0.65% Others[15]

Demonym(s)IndianGovernmentFederal parliamentary constitutional republic• President Droupadi Murmu• Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar• Prime Minister Narendra Modi• Chief Justice Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud• Lok Sabha Speaker Om BirlaLegislatureParliament• Upper houseRajya Sabha• Lower houseLok SabhaIndependence from the United Kingdom• Dominion 15 August 1947• Republic 26 January 1950Area• Total3,287,263[2] km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)[d] (7th)• Water (%)9.6Population• 2022 estimate1,375,586,000[17] (2nd)• 2011 census1,210,854,977[18][19] (2nd)• Density418.8/km2 (1,084.7/sq mi) (19th)GDP (PPP)2022 estimate• Total $11.665 trillion[20] (3rd)• Per capita $8,293[20] (127th)GDP (nominal)2022 estimate• Total $3.469 trillion[20] (5th)• Per capita $2,466[20] (139th)Gini (2011)35.7[21][22]
mediumHDI (2021) 0.633[23]
medium · 132ndCurrencyIndian rupee (₹) (INR)Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)DST is not observedDate format

• dd-mm-yyyy[e]

Driving sideleft[24]Calling code+91ISO 3166 codeINInternet TLD.in (others)

India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[25] is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[f] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.